Qadeer Quanta

Max Plank’s —The Blackbody Radiation    In 1909 Max Plank’s introduced concept of Quantum of energy (photon) to explainBlackbody radiation. He proposed that energy of radiation (light) is Quantized and dependent of frequency as 𝐸 = ℎ𝑓 where h is the planck's constant of value ℎ = 6.63×10 −34 𝐽 𝑠 Albert Einstein — The Photoelectric Effect  In 1905 Einstein confirmed Planck's quantum concept.   Einstein proposed that electromagnetic radiation (light) is quantized and exists in fixed amounts (quanta) or photons. The introduction of the photon concept enabled Einstein to give explanation to the photoelectric problem, by Hertz in 1887 . Niels Bohr —The model of Hydrogen atom    Bohr proposed that atoms can be found only in discrete states of energy.   The emission or Absorption of radiation (or light) by atoms, takes place only in discrete amounts of 𝐸 = hf. Arther Holly Compton — Compton’s effect    By scattering X-rays with elect...

 Quantum Mechanics A branch of physics that studies the behavior of matter and energy at an atomic and subatomic level. Deals with the smallest scales, where classical physics no longer applies. Why Quantum Mechanics? Limitations of Classical Physics : Classical physics can't explain phenomena like blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, and atomic stability New Discoveries : Quantum mechanics explains these phenomena and predicts new ones, like wave-particle duality and entanglement Importance of Quantum Mechanics Understanding Nature: Quantum mechanics helps us understand the behavior of matter and energy at the smallest scales. Technological Advancements: Leads to innovations like transistors, lasers, computers, and medical imaging. Basic Rules of Quantum Mechanics Wave-Particle Duality: Particles can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior. Uncertainty Principle: Can't precisely know certain properties, like position and momentum, simultaneously. Superposi...